玉林电视台塔楼雷击的分析与防护改造     

姚志东  韦翔  王春丽 《气象研究与应用》2011,32(2):77-79

经过对玉林电视台塔楼遭受强雷击损害,避雷针保护与针（网）混合保护比对,引下线根数对分流系数影响,变压器设置在建筑物内外对雷击风险值影响的分析,得出电视台塔楼应采取针（网）混合保护、增加防雷引下线根数和变压器设置在建筑物内部等防护改造措施。  相似文献   

Impact of external factors on sperm motility of Sepiella maindroni     

王佳  蒋霞敏  冯宪栋 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(1):184-191

Sperm motility is important in reproductive biology. To understand the physiological ecology characteristics of sperm of Sepiella maindroni, we studied the activation rate, active time, and lifespan of sperm to evaluate the influence of external factors, including temperature, salinity, pH, glucose, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, EDTA-2Na and artificial seawater on sperm motility. The results show that the appropriate activation and motility condition for sperm were: temperature 20?30°C (optimum 25°C), salinity 10.6?30.6 (optimum 15.9) and pH 8.0?8.6 (optimum 8.0-8.4). Sperm activity varied in different concentrations of glucose, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2. None of the selected concentrations of EDTA-2Na solution could activate the sperm. The activation rate in artificial seawater devoid of Ca2+, Mg2+ or HCO3ˉ was low. The results should help further studies on the preservation and activation of squid sperm.  相似文献   

Variation of surface temperature during the last millennium in a simulation with the FGOALS-gl climate system model     

张洁  周天军  辛晓歌 《大气科学进展》2013,30(3):699-712

A reasonable past millennial climate simulation relies heavily on the specified external forcings, including both natural and anthropogenic forcing agents. In this paper, we examine the surface temperature responses to specified external forcing agents in a millennium-scale transient climate simulation with the fast version of LASG IAP Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model (FGOALS-gl) developed in the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP). The model presents a reasonable performance in comparison with reconstructions of surface temperature. Differentiated from significant changes in the 20th century at the global scale, changes during the natural-forcing-dominant period are mainly manifested in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonally, modeled significant changes are more pronounced during the wintertime at higher latitudes. This may be a manifestation of polar amplification associated with sea-ice-temperature positive feedback. The climate responses to total external forcings can explain about half of the climate variance during the whole millennium period, especially at decadal timescales. Surface temperature in the Antarctic shows heterogeneous and insignificant changes during the preindustrial period and the climate response to external forcings is undetectable due to the strong internal variability. The model response to specified external forcings is modulated by cloud radiative forcing (CRF). The CRF acts against the fluctuations of external forcings. Effects of clouds are manifested in shortwave radiation by changes in cloud water during the natural-forcing-dominant period, but mainly in longwave radiation by a decrease in cloud amount in the anthropogenic-forcing-dominant period.  相似文献   

中国关键矿产评价标准和清单的探讨     

郭娟  闫卫东  徐曙光  崔荣国  胡容波  林博磊  周起忠  周舟  杨玲 《地球学报》2021,42(2):151-158

后工业化时代,关键矿产成为大国资源竞争的焦点.随着对关键矿产的需求不断增长,各国会更加关注其供应的稳定性、安全性和可持续性.本文通过对比分析世界主要国家或组织的关键矿产目录,对关键矿产的概念和内涵进行了探讨,阐述了我国关键矿产的评价标准和评价指标,通过对矿产的重要性、供应风险和稀缺性依次分析评价出35种关键矿产,并提出了关键矿产研究和管理的建议.  相似文献   

2003年以来长春市城市功能用地演替   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周国磊  李诚固  张婧  罗凤龙  申庆喜 《地理学报》2015,(4):539-550

城市空间的增长不仅仅表现在城市用地的扩张,还表现在城市功能用地的演替。城市功能用地的演替可以更加深刻地揭示城市空间外延式水平扩展的内在特征,是城市功能集聚与扩散的空间反映。以长春市中心城区为例,利用2003、2007、2010、2012年4个年份的遥感影像图、地形图及城市用地现状图等数据资源,借助Arc GIS、Auto CAD等软件,运用GIS分析方法,在分析中心城区城市空间扩展的总体格局及城市用地结构变化的基础上,提出以外部扩展与内部更替来表达城市功能用地的演替,进而阐释城市空间扩展及城市功能集聚与扩散的内在特征,为城市空间扩展的研究提供一种新的、有效的手段,以丰富城市空间研究的理论成果体系。  相似文献   

Incorporating elevation in rainfall interpolation in Tunisia using geostatistical methods     

Haifa Feki  Mohamed Slimani  Christophe Cudennec 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(7):1294-1314

Abstract

This paper compares the performance of three geostatistical algorithms, which integrate elevation as an auxiliary variable: kriging with external drift (KED); kriging combined with regression, called regression kriging (RK) or kriging after detrending; and co-kriging (CK). These three methods differ by the way by in which the secondary information is introduced into the prediction procedure. They are applied to improve the prediction of the monthly average rainfall observations measured at 106 climatic stations in Tunisia over an area of 164 150 km² using the elevation as the auxiliary variable. The experimental sample semivariograms, residual semivariograms and cross-variograms are constructed and fitted to estimate the rainfall levels and the estimation variance at the nodes of a square grid of 20 km?×?20 km resolution and to develop corresponding contour maps. Contour diagrams for KED and RK were similar and exhibited a pattern corresponding more closely to local topographic features when (a) the network is sparse and (b) the rainfall–elevation correlation is poor, while CK showed a smooth zonal pattern. Smaller prediction variances are obtained for the RK algorithm. The cross-validation showed that the RMSE obtained for CK gave better results than for KED or RK.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor C. Onof

Citation Feki, H., Slimani, M., and Cudennec, C., 2012. Incorporating elevation in rainfall interpolation in Tunisia using geostatistical methods. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (7), 1294–1314.  相似文献   

我国海水养殖生态效率影响因素分析     

张莹  韩立民  秦宏 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1288-1298

近年来,如何实现海水养殖经济与生态的协调发展逐渐引起学界的关注。前人研究海水养殖生态效率时,较多关注对环境非期望产出的衡量,较少考虑海水养殖的环境正外部效应。以海水养殖碳汇量作为衡量海水养殖环境正外部效应的期望产出,以海水养殖氮、磷污染产出量作为非期望产出,运用包含非期望产出的SBM模型对2008~2017年我国海水养殖生态效率进行测度,在此基础上运用Tobit回归模型,通过构建海水养殖专业化程度、规模化程度和集约化程度三个变量衡量海水养殖生态效率的内部影响因素,并综合考虑科技、经济、管理、外贸等外部影响因素,考察海水养殖生态效率的影响因素。研究表明: (1)考察期内我国海水养殖生态效率呈现出波动上升的趋势,但总体尚未达到最优状态; (2)不同海域海水养殖生态效率均值存在显著的阶梯式区域失衡; (3)海水养殖规模化程度与科技管理水平对海水养殖生态效率具有正向影响,海水养殖专业化程度、集约化程度、培训强度、经济发展水平和外贸依存度对海水养殖生态效率具有负向影响,海水养殖环境规制对海水养殖生态效率的影响不显著。在此基础上,从转变发展方式、加强科技研发与推广投入、加强海水养殖进出口与环境管理等方面提出了改善我国海水养殖生态效率的对策建议。  相似文献   

含腐蚀缺陷高强钢厚壁管道压溃压力预测方法     

陈严飞  蒋智明  侯富恒  冯玮  吴祖明  王春莎 《海洋工程》2022,40(3):32-39

腐蚀是管道常见的缺陷形式之一,会极大降低管道的压溃压力,同时深海环境下高静水外压易引发管道压溃失效,威胁管道的安全运行,因此准确预测管道压溃压力显得尤为重要。采用数值模拟方法研究了含腐蚀缺陷的高强钢厚壁管道压溃失效模式,分析了管材、管道径厚比、腐蚀深度、长度和宽度等参数对高强钢厚壁管道压溃压力的影响规律。分析结果表明:管道径厚比愈大,对厚壁管道的承压能力提升愈显著;腐蚀缺陷的存在对管道压溃压力具有减小作用;随着管道材料等级的提升,压溃压力有明显提高。提出了相应的压溃压力预测公式,为厚壁管道完整性评价提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

海温异常对东亚夏季风影响机理的研究进展   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

陈丽娟  袁媛  杨明珠  左金清  李维京 《应用气象学报》2013,24(5):521-532

从短期气候预测关注的外强迫信号角度出发,回顾了国内外在海温异常对东亚夏季风和我国汛期降水影响机理方面的主要研究进展,重点评述了热带太平洋ENSO循环、热带印度洋全区一致型海温模态、热带印度洋海温异常偶极子、南印度洋偶极子和北大西洋海温三极子模态的年际变化及其对东亚夏季风年际变率的影响。从研究成果在短期气候预测业务中应用的角度,重点关注海温异常和东亚夏季风年际变率以及我国汛期降水多雨带位置的关系,总结了海温异常作为外强迫信号对我国汛期降水预测的指示意义以及汛期降水预测的难度。最后指出气候预测业务对东亚夏季风影响的机理研究和动力气候模式发展方面的需求。  相似文献   

日本钢筋混凝土结构抗震加固技术现状与发展趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曲哲  张令心 《地震工程与工程振动》2013,33(4)

既有钢筋混凝土结构的丰富而可靠的抗震加固技术是提升我国建筑物抗震性能,实现社会可持续发展的重要保障.在长期工程实践的积累中,日本建筑界逐渐发展出一套行之有效的抗震性能评估、加固设计体系和多种多样的抗震加固技术,值得我国借鉴.文章在简要回顾日本抗震加固设计方法之后,介绍了日本钢筋混凝土结构抗震加固的传统方法,总结了近年来在传统加固方法基础上所做的改良,并在此基础上,从外附子结构、消能减震化和自复位技术等3个方面归纳了日本新一代钢筋混凝土结构抗震加固技术的发展趋势.  相似文献